Zip Utils - clean, elegant, simple, C++/win32

Adding zip/unzip easily, no LIBS or DLLs, with an elegant and simple API.
This article can be found on CodeProject at www.codeproject.com/useritems/zip_utils.asp, where there is also a discussion board.
by Lucian Wischik, www.wischik.com/lu.

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Introduction

This source code shows how to add zip/unzip functionality to your programs. Lots of people have written their own wrappers around zip, and indeed there are several articles on codeproject that are based on earlier versions of my own code. How is this version different?

• Clean packaging. There's one pair of files zip.cpp,zip.h to add to your project if you want zip. Another pair unzip.cpp,unzip.h if you want unzip (or both if you want both!). There are NO additional libraries or DLLs to worry about.
• Clean API. Most other APIs around zip/unzip are terrible. This one is best. The API is short, clean, and in a familiar win32 style. Most other APIs wrap things up in classes, which is ugly overkill for such a small problem and always turns out too inflexible. Mine don't. See the code snippets below.
• Flexibility. With this code you can unzip from a zip that's in a diskfile, memory-buffer, pipe. You can unzip into a diskfile, memory-buffer or pipe. The same for creating zipfiles. This means that at last you don't need to write out your files to a temporary directory before using them! One noteworthy feature is that you can unzip directly from an embedded resource into a memory buffer or onto a diskfile, which is great for installers. Another is the ability to create your zip in dynamically growable memory backed by the system pagefile. Despite all this power, the API remains clean and simple. The power didn't come from just writing wrappers around other people's code. It came from restructuring the internals of zlib and info-zip source code. My code is unique in what it does here.
• Encryption. This version supports password-based zip encryption. Passwords are absent from many other zip libraries, including gzip.
• Unicode. This version supports unicode filenames.
• Windows CE. This version works as it is under Windows CE. No need to alter makefiles or #defines, or worry about compatability of any LIB/DLL.
• Bugfixes. This code is based on gzip 1.1.4, which fixes a security vulnerability in 1.1.3. (An earlier version of my code used 1.1.3, and has crept into other codeproject articles...)

At its core my code uses zlib and info-zip. See at end for acknowledgements.

Using the code

To add zip functionality to your code, add the file zip.cpp to your project, and #include "zip.h" to your source code.

Similarly for unzipping, add the file unzip.cpp to the project and #include "unzip.h" to your source code. Zip and unzip can co-exist happily a single application. Or you can omit one or the other if you're trying to save space.

The following code snippets show how to use zip/unzip. They are taken from one of the demo applications including in the download. It also has project files for Visual Studio .NET and Borland C++Builder6 and Embedded Visual C++ 3. The code snippets here use ASCII. But the functions all take arguments of type TCHAR* rather than char*, so you can use it fine under Unicode.

Example 1 - create a zipfile from existing files

  // We place the file "simple.bmp" inside, but inside
  // the zipfile it will actually be called "znsimple.bmp".
  // Similarly the textfile.

  HZIP hz = CreateZip("simple1.zip",0);
  ZipAdd(hz,"znsimple.bmp",  "simple.bmp");
  ZipAdd(hz,"znsimple.txt",  "simple.txt");
  CloseZip(hz);

Example 2 - unzip a zipfile using the names it has inside it

  HZIP hz = OpenZip("\\simple1.zip",0);
  ZIPENTRY ze; GetZipItem(hz,-1,&ze); int numitems=ze.index;
  // -1 gives overall information about the zipfile
  for (int zi=0; zi<numitems; zi++)
  { ZIPENTRY ze; GetZipItem(hz,zi,&ze); // fetch individual details
    UnzipItem(hz, zi, ze.name);         // e.g. the item's name.
  }
  CloseZip(hz);

Example 3- unzip from resource directly into memory

This technique is useful for small games, where you want to keep all resources bundled up inside the executable, but restricting the size.

Suppose we used a .rc with
1 RCDATA "file.zip"
to embed the zipfile as a resource.

  HRSRC hrsrc = FindResource(hInstance,MAKEINTRESOURCE(1),RT_RCDATA);
  HANDLE hglob = LoadResource(hInstance,hrsrc);
  void *zipbuf = LockResource(hglob);
  unsigned int ziplen = SizeofResource(hInstance,hrsrc);
  hz = OpenZip(zipbuf, ziplen, 0);
  ZIPENTRY ze; int i; FindZipItem(hz,"sample.jpg",true,&i,&ze);
  // that lets us search for an item by filename.
  // Now we unzip it to a membuffer.
  char *ibuf = new char[ze.unc_size];
  UnzipItem(hz,i, ibuf, ze.unc_size);
  ...
  delete[] ibuf;
  CloseZip(hz);
  // note: no need to free resources obtained through Find/Load/LockResource

Example 4 - unzip chunk by chunk to a membuffer

Normally when you call UnzipItem(...) it gives the return-code ZR_OK. But if you gave it too small a buffer so that it couldn't fit it all in, then it return ZR_MORE.

  char buf[1024]; ZRESULT zr=ZR_MORE; unsigned long totsize=0;
  while (zr==ZR_MORE)
  { zr = UnzipItem(hz,i, buf,1024);
    unsigned long bufsize=1024; if (zr==ZR_OK) bufsize=ze.unc_size-totsize;
    ... maybe write the buffer to a disk file here
    totsize+=bufsize;
  }

One final option: if you compile with "ZIP_STD" defined for the preprocessor, then zip and unzip will compile using solely stdlib -- with no windows dependencies. They can compile under linux with g++. Note that some of the prototypes in zip.h and unzip.h will change accordingly: filetimes will be time_t structures rather than FILETIME, and various functions will use FILE* rather than HANDLE, and it doesn't support unicode or memory-mapping. The example program "std" does this.

Common Questions

STRICT? I think you should always compile with STRICT (in project-settings/preprocessor/defines), and full warnings turned on. Without STRICT, the HZIP handle becomes interchangeable with all other handles.

How to show a progress dialog? One of the included examples, "progress", shows how to do this.

How to add/remove files from an existing zipfile? The zip_utils currently only allow you to OpenZip() for unzipping, or CreateZip() for adding, but don't allow you to mix the two. To modify an existing zip (eg. adding or removing a file) you need to create a new zip and copy all the existing items from the old into the new. One of the included examples, "modify", shows how to do this. It defines two functions:

  ZRESULT RemoveFileFromZip(const TCHAR *zip, const TCHAR *name);
  ZRESULT AddFileToZip(const TCHAR *zip, const TCHAR *name, const TCHAR *fn);
  // eg. AddFileToZip("c:\\archive.zip","znsimple.txt","c:\\docs\\file.txt");
  // If the zipfile already contained that thing (case-insensitive), it is removed.
  // These two functions are defined in "modify.cpp"

"fatal error C1010: unexpected end of file while looking for precompiled header directive". To fix this, select zip.cpp and unzip.cpp and change Project > Settings > C++ > PrecompiledHeaders to NotUsingPrecompiledHeaders.

Discussion

Efrat says: "I think the design is very bad", and so objects when I say that my API is clean and others are not. (Actually, he says my documentation is the most conceited he's seen and my design is the worst that he's seen!) I've reproduced his comments here, with my responses, so you can make a more informed decision whether to use my library.

[Efrat] Better instead to use the boost IOStream library.
[Response] I love the boost library. If people can figure out how to add it to their projects and zip/unzip with it, they should definitely use boost rather than my code. (I'm still trying to figure it out, though, and couldn't get it to compile under CE).

[Efrat] A compressed archive has internal state; it's a classic object; the author's criticisms of OOP are unjustified. "OOP doesn't mean placing your code in a cpp file."
[Response] I'm trying not to be OOP. (1) you'll never inherit from an archive, nor invoke virtual methods from it: we only use encapsulation, not any of the other pillars of OOP. By using an opaque handle HZIP rather than a class, I indicate this clearly to the programmer. Also (2) C++ classes don't work cleanly across DLLs. Handles like HZIPs do.
[Efrat] For intance, progress-notifications should be done by virtual functions in a derived class, not by callbacks.
[Response] To get progress, you invoke UnzipItem in a while loop, and each iteration unzips a little bit more of the file. This is clean, re-entrant, and has a simple API. I think this is an easier API than inheriting from a class. I think inheritance from library classes is bad, in general.

[Efrat] Compression should go in a DLL.
[Response] I disagree. DLLs are always pain, for developers as well as users. Unzip only adds 40k in any case.

[Efrat] The API doesn't use the type system to differentiate between an HZIP for zipping and an HZIP for unzipping.
[Response] This was intentional. The difference between zipping and unzipping is an current implementation drawback. I think an API should be clean, "aspirational", and you shouldn't encode current implementation limitations into the type system.

[Efrat] The API uses error-codes, rather than exceptions, but anyone who has graudated Programming 101 knows exceptions are better.
[Response] I think exceptions are not welcomed anywhere nearly as widely as Efrat suggests. Also, they don't work cleanly across DLL boundaries, and they don't work on PocketPC.

[Efrat] The API is unflexible; it should be coded for change, not just coded for all the options that were conceived while designing (handles,files, memory). Most users will think of sources and targets which this design can't support.
[Response] The original zip uses FILE*s, which are effectively the same as windows pipes. I also provided memory-buffers which adds an enormous amount of flexibility that's easy to use and requires no additional programming. For any users who need sources and targets which can't be reached via a memory buffer, they shouldn't use these zip_utils.

In general, Efrat wants code to be a clean extensible framework. I don't; I want small compact code that works fine as it is. Furthermore, I think that "framework-isation" is the biggest source of bugs and code overruns in the industry.

Acknowledgements

This version of article was updated on 28th July 2005. Many thanks to the readers at CodeProject who found bugs and contributed fixes to an earlier version. There was one terrible bug where, after a large file had been unzipped, then the next one might not work. Alvin77 spotted this bug.

My work is a repackaged form of extracts from the zlib code available at www.gzip.org/zlib by Jean-Loup Gailly and Mark Adler and others. Also from the info-zip source code at www.info-zip.org. Plus a bunch of my own changes. The original source code can be found at those two mentioned websites. Also the original copyright notices can be found there, and also inside the files zip.cpp and unzip.cpp of my code.